FERDINAND R. MARCOS, JR. Administration

Excerpts from Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023–2028

“Every Filipino has a part to play in our nation’s journey to prosperity. The need for united and coordinated efforts of the public and private sectors, as well as civil society, has grown ever more vital as we enter into new years of post-pandemic recovery and as global headwinds threaten to derail our progress as a people.

“I invite every Filipino to share in my commitment to uplift the lives of our fellow kababayans as we work to achieve our nation’s collective vision of a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para sa lahat.”

Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.

President

Republic of the Philippines

CHAPTER 13 Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance Administration of Justice

A secure and peaceful community where guns are silenced, food and basic services are sufficient, and community life has normalized and shown signs of progress — this reality is now within the reach of geographically isolated and conflict-affected communities. (underscoring ours)

In pursuing economic transformation, the manifestation of peace and security is a necessary condition in allowing the implementation of development activities that could bring in more and better opportunities for the people. This is attainable if conflict-vulnerable areas are protected and developed, the quality of life is safeguarded from criminality, and communities are safe from natural hazards and other security threats. (underscoring ours)

Likewise, an efficient administration of justice is critical in ensuring sustained economic progress. A stable and accountable justice system, whether traditional or alternative, must inspire trust and confidence among stakeholders through integrity, fairness, and accessibility.

The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023–2028 puts forward the premise that a whole-of-government approach with cross-cutting strategies is required in ensuring peace and security. It asserts that economic justice is a pillar of a strong and vibrant economy and requires a sector-based approach anchored on strong coordination among justice sector institutions, agencies, and actors to drive public engagement and trust in the justice system.

Subchapter 13.1 Ensure Peace and Security

Peace agreements between the government and non-state armed groups have stabilized security in many areas, normalizing a life free of violence and allowing the implementation of development projects that have opened new and better opportunities for the Filipinos. (underscoring ours)

Investing in peace and security continues. This is realized by completing the commitments of signed peace agreements and in helping former combatants, their families, and conflict-affected communities to return to civilian life. In areas not covered by peace agreements, localized peace engagements will be intensified, with local government units facilitating a whole-of-society approach. Affirmative action on law enforcement operations on land and at sea including disaster response will be strengthened. Ongoing modernization of the armed forces and other security sector agencies will be intensified to protect the country’s territorial integrity. (underscoring ours)

Assessment and Challenges

The signing and implementation of peace agreements,¹ together with sustained law enforcement efforts, have stabilized security in geographically isolated and conflict affected (GICA) communities and resulted in an increase in economic activities. However, challenges remain in the implementation of these agreements and groups with criminal and terrorist activities still exist. At the same time, natural hazards with devastating effects and the protection of territorial and national interests remain a challenge. (underscoring ours)

In the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), the peace process is steadily moving forward with the ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Law (Republic Act 11054). The establishment of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority in 2019 and its extension to 2025² have laid the critical foundation for a fully functioning autonomous region. With this, significant progress was made in terms of the region’s socioeconomic development. In 2021, BARMM registered the second-highest economic growth (7.5%) in the country, a significant improvement from 2016 when BARMM posted the lowest growth rate (0.3%) among all regions.³ Poverty incidence also declined significantly, from 61.8 percent in 2018 to 37.2 percent in 2021.⁴

The creation of the intergovernmental relations bodies between the national government and the Bangsamoro government addressed and resolved some of the key issues in the implementation of the Bangsamoro Organic Law. In 2021, the second phase of the decommissioning process was completed, with 12,000 combatants and 2,100 weapons demobilized.⁵ The third phase is currently ongoing, aiming to decommission 91 percent of the combatants and their weapons. Likewise, the Camps Transformation Plan 2021–2026⁶ is presently implemented, outlining the efforts toward a meaningful transformation of camps into productive and resilient communities. (underscoring ours)

Similarly, strategic interventions under the Bangon Marawi Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery Program are being implemented in areas affected by the 2017 siege. These include the provision of social and financial aid, health care services, educational support, and psychosocial healing for those affected. More recently, the Marawi Siege Victims Compensation Act of 2022 (Republic Act 11696) was enacted to provide compensation for properties destroyed during the siege.

The peace process with non-state armed groups⁷ and development interventions for affected communities are in various stages of implementation. The demilitarization of arms and munition of the Cordillera Bodong Administration-Cordillera Peoples Liberation Army (CBA-CPLA) and the Rebolusyonaryong Partido Manggagawang Pilipinas–Revolutionary Proletariat Army– Alex Boncayao Brigade (RPMP–RPA–ABB) has been completed⁸. In the affected areas, socioeconomic and livelihood interventions continue to be implemented. Meanwhile, the people of the Cordillera continue to pursue a meaningful regional autonomy.⁹ (underscoring ours)

Moreover, local peace engagements were initiated in communities affected by the presence of the Communist Party of the Philippines–New People’s Army–National Democratic Front (CPP–NPA–NDF). Communist rebels who surrendered are provided with socioeconomic and legal assistance support through the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP) and community development interventions such as the Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) Program10 and the Barangay Development Program (BDP).¹¹ The PAMANA Program set the foundations for conflict-sensitive development efforts and empowered partners for peace.¹² From 2017 to 2021, PAMANA has supported 4,000 projects amounting to PHP18 billion.¹³ Similarly, PHP16.4 billion was released to support 2,276 socioeconomic¹⁴ and infrastructure projects in 2,228 communist-terrorist group-cleared barangays under the BDP.¹⁵

The implementation of a whole-of-government and whole-of-nation approach¹⁶ fostered a more holistic and cohesive government response, addressing the interrelated drivers of armed conflict in the country. Various clusters and regional and local task forces under the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC)¹⁷ were activated. Key strategies in the National Action Plan on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism were also rolled out. (underscoring ours)

Similarly, there has been significant reduction in crimes due to intensified law enforcement efforts.¹⁸ The Philippine National Police (PNP) Intensified Cleanliness Program was launched to address problems in the service. Interventions based on the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy institutionalized a convergence system among government agencies to achieve drug-free communities. A science-health-security based approach on the drug problem is critical, and support for the professionalization and modernization of the PNP and drug enforcement bodies is needed.

Significant progress has also been made in terms of increasing the capacity of the security sector to respond to the adverse impacts of natural hazards and other security threats. The recently enacted Bureau of Fire Protection Modernization Act (Republic Act 11589) is expected to upgrade fire protection services in the country. The Bureau of Fire Protection also initiated the Oplan Ligtas na Pamayanan to capacitate barangays with systemic and comprehensive methods and procedures to prevent and respond to fires and other emergency and disaster risks. In addition, trainings on public safety were given to Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams and non-government organization teams in areas. The National Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Action Plan was also formulated but is yet to be cascaded to relevant agencies.

The updating of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2020–2030 outlines actions to ensure coordination and efficient logistics operations before and during disasters. Many local government units (LGUs) have made significant progress in disaster preparedness and response, such as the adoption of standard operating procedures, activation of the Incident Command System, prepositioning of relief, and search and rescue.¹⁹ However, data on population, critical facilities, and infrastructure exposed to natural and other security threats are still fragmented and incomplete.

Despite substantial improvements and actions toward ensuring peace and security, there remain challenges that must be addressed. In BARMM, all other intergovernmental relations mechanisms still need to be operationalized, such as the newly created Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board and other intergovernmental arrangements between BARMM, the national government, and relevant LGUs. There are also challenges in the process of assisting former combatants in their return to civilian life and in the necessary enhancements in the healing, reconciliation, and gender mainstreaming components in GICA communities. (underscoring ours)

Moreover, the implementation of the peace and development interventions is not fully institutionalized at the regional and local levels. Gaps in efforts geared toward threat assessment, programming of responses, community engagement, dismantling of private armed groups, and strategic communication also need to be addressed. (underscoring ours)

Criminality and threats to public safety, including non-traditional security issues, also persist. The rapid growth and sophistication of cybercrimes and cyberattacks have increased the vulnerability of data, people, and structures. Hyperconnectivity has also expanded the attack surface of cybercriminals. Despite the initial efforts of the government, such as the formulation of the National Cybersecurity plan and activation of the National Computer Emergency Response Team and the National Cybersecurity Operations Center, a more concerted effort in cybersecurity is still needed.

Various issues on development and management of the country’s territory and maritime domain, including enforcement, regulation, conservation, and security need to be tackled. The 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Ruling on the West Philippine Sea issue was a clear victory of a rules-based international order. However, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)–China Code of Conduct in the South China Sea remains unfinished.

Cross-border and transnational criminal activities are still major concerns, given the porous borders and structural inadequacy of relevant state institutions. Current global political developments involving inter-state and intra-state conflicts further magnify the vulnerability of the country. Hence, support for the modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), Philippine Coast Guard, and other relevant security sector agencies is critical, underscoring the force structure, capability and materiel upgrade needed to be more effective in undertaking internal and external security functions.

Strategy Framework

Ensuring peace and security is an essential foundation of sustainable development. The government will consistently pursue peace by mainstreaming peacebuilding and development interventions and utilizing a conflict-sensitive-and-peace-promoting paradigm in government programming. (underscoring ours)

Toward this end, the gains of the peace processes in conflict-affected communities will be sustained; security and law enforcement operations, cybersecurity, and disaster response will be strengthened so that the quality of life is safeguarded from criminality; protection and safety from natural hazards and other threats will be ensured; and the country’s territorial integrity, maritime rights, and entitlements will be protected (See Figure 13.1.1). These outcomes will be realized through an integrated, transparent, people-centered, and human rights-based peace and security policy, supported by relevant cross-cutting strategies. (underscoring ours)

Strategy Framework to Ensure Peace and Security

Pursue an integrated, transparent, people-centered, and human rights-based peace and security policy

PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONFLICT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES SUSTAINED

Complete the implementation of all signed peace agreements
Ensure the full transition of the BARMM government
Expedite normalization and reintegration of former combatants and their families and the rehabilitation of conflict-affected communities, including Marawi City
Strengthen convergence of programs and ensure that development interventions are conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting (underscoring ours)
Advance healing and reconciliation, social cohesion, and transitional justice interventions as key components of peacebuilding (underscoring ours)
Establish appropriate mechanisms to counter threats from terrorism, radicalization, and violent extremism (underscoring ours)

QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEOPLE SAFEGUARDED FROM CRIMINALITY

Promote a holistic approach to countering the proliferation of illegal and dangerous drugs
Strengthen and expand police engagements with communities on crime deterrence, reporting, and resolution
Strengthen regional and international partnerships to counter and prevent threats from terrorism, violent extremism, radicalization, transnational crimes, and other non-traditional security threats

PROTECTION AND SAFETY FROM NATURAL HAZARDS AND OTHER SECURITY THREATS ENSURED

Improve the capacity and capability of security forces and LGUs on humanitarian assistance and disaster response and protection services to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards and other emergencies
Protect critical infrastructure, strategic assets, and natural resources
Strengthen security and resilience of the Philippine cyberspace

TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY AND SOVEREIGNTY UPHELD AND PROTECTED

Strengthen advocacy on respect for the rules-based regime in the regional and international community
Pursue greater international and regional dialogues and cooperation
Develop a modern, credible, and self-reliant defense force
Strengthen the capacity of institutions in security assessment, operations, and response relative to geopolitical developments

Sustain the compliance of LGUs to good governance principles and of security institutions on human rights and rule of law (underscoring ours)
Ensure gender mainstreaming and protection of vulnerable groups in conflict-affected communities (underscoring ours)
Mobilize a broad-based constituency for peace (underscoring ours)

Strategies Outcome 1: Conflict-affected communities and conflict-vulnerable areas protected and development sustained

Complete the implementation of all signed peace agreements. The government will remain steadfast in completing the commitments under all signed peace agreements. (underscoring ours)

These include: (a) implementing peace and development interventions in RPMP–RPA–ABB–Tabara Paduano Group and CBA–CPLA communities; (b) supporting initiatives toward Cordillera autonomy; (c) facilitating the healing and reconciliation process in affected communities; and (d) providing legal assistance to qualified individuals. Relative to the Bangsamoro peace process, the national government will support the coordinating committees and security mechanisms on the remaining commitments under the 1996 Government of the Philippines–Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) Final Peace Agreement and support the political track and normalization mechanisms in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro. ^{20, 21} (underscoring ours)

Ensure full transition of the BARMM Government

Support will be extended to the Bangsamoro Transition Authority in institution building, personnel development, and economic management toward an inclusive BARMM government. Necessary policy and processes will be implemented to ensure a smooth BARMM elections in 2025. All intergovernmental relations mechanisms will be operationalized and strengthened to resolve remaining and potential issues between the national and the Bangsamoro governments.

Expedite normalization and reintegration of former combatants and their families, and the rehabilitation of conflict-affected communities, including Marawi City

Normalization and transformation programs for the Bangsamoro, ^{22, 23} as supported by the Inter-Cabinet Cluster Mechanism on Normalization (ICCMN),²⁴ will continue. Demobilization of former combatants²⁵ and former violent extremists,²⁶ including the demilitarization of arms and munition, will be completed. The national and Bangsamoro governments will work closely in neutralizing armed threat groups to prevent and curb peace spoilers.²⁷ Systems and procedures in the delivery of socioeconomic support packages for decommissioned combatants, their families, and communities, and vulnerable groups (children, elderly, persons with disabilities [PWD], indigenous groups, internally displaced persons) will be made more efficient and effective.

Moreover, the government will fast-track the rehabilitation and catch-up development of communities through the implementation of various interventions, such as E-CLIP, PAMANA, and BDP. Furthermore, the government will complete the delivery of social, financial, and socioeconomic assistance necessary for the recovery of affected individuals in Marawi. The government will complete infrastructure projects such as bridges; schools; health centers; markets; ports; and the 2,800 permanent housing units for Marawi’s most affected to be utilized by target beneficiaries by 2024. (underscoring ours)

Strengthen convergence of programs, and ensure that development interventions are conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting

To improve conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting compliance, a monitoring and evaluation tool for GICA areas will be developed. Project targeting and implementation strategies will be further localized to ensure greater ownership of local communities.²⁸ More infrastructure projects will be rolled out in GICA areas and coordination between LGUs’ Peace and Order Councils and Local Development Councils will be strengthened. Closer cooperation with domestic and international groups to support the various aspects of peace-building will be facilitated. (underscoring ours)

Advance healing and reconciliation, social cohesion, and transitional justice interventions as key components of peacebuilding

The legal process, including granting of amnesty to qualified individuals, will be facilitated. Training and skills improvement will be initiated for social workers and other relevant government agencies to improve capacity in dealing with former combatants and child soldiers. (underscoring ours)

Establish appropriate mechanisms to counter threats from terrorism, radicalization, and violent extremism

To neutralize peace spoilers, national and local agencies will strengthen their threat assessment capacity and response protocols. These involve: (a) institutionalizing preventing and countering violent extremism interventions in national and local bodies; (b) sustaining neutralization efforts against armed threat groups including law enforcement operations, case build-up against high-value targets, legal offensive, intelligence cooperation, military operations, and neutralization of illicit financial sources; (c) institutionalizing local peace engagements and transformation program for former rebels;²⁹(d) strengthening the LGUs’ peace and order council (POC); (e) sustaining the efforts of the National Task Force on Disbandment of Private Armed Groups; (f) developing a strategic communication plan aimed as social cohesion; and (g) developing a de-radicalization program for GICA communities. (underscoring ours)

Outcome 2: Quality of life of people safeguarded from criminality

Promote a holistic approach in countering the proliferation of illegal and dangerous drugs

To ensure that government efforts are people-centered, holistic, and human rights-based, the government will: (a) use a science-health-security based approach to curbing drug and illegal substance abuse, alongside restorative interventions for drug users and their dependents; (b) strengthen partnership with stakeholders; and (c) strengthen the reward and punishment mechanism in police and drug enforcement institutions. The PNP modernization program will continue giving stronger emphasis on professionalization, rights-based policing, and improving capability against traditional and non-traditional security threats. (underscoring ours)

Strengthen and expand police engagements with communities on crime deterrence, reporting, and resolution

Law enforcement will be strengthened by expanding police presence in communities and establishing more police stations in strategic areas. Active partnership with communities will be forged. Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams, civil society organizations, and community volunteers will be engaged through community and service-oriented policing scheme. Public safety and law enforcement agencies will converge efforts in patrolling, internal security, and law enforcement operations, both in land and at sea. Systems for responding to crime and emergencies will be made more efficient and relevant. Likewise, neutralization efforts against criminal groups will be sustained, internal cleansing in security institutions will be continued, and executive and legislative oversight over the police and other uniformed personnel will be enforced. (underscoring ours)

Strengthen regional and international partnerships to counter and prevent threats from terrorism, violent extremism, radicalization, transnational crimes, and other non-traditional security threats

Context-specific programs will be initiated to address radicalization efforts of violent extremist groups. As transnational crimes require rigorous national and local cooperation,³⁰ close partnerships with neighboring states will be sustained particularly on matters involving sea patrol, intelligence gathering, information exchange, rapid bilateral investigations, and apprehension of criminal elements in the porous borders of Southern Philippines³¹ and other critical areas.³² Bilateral and multilateral engagements in law enforcement and defense against violent extremist groups will be intensified and surveillance and inspection in air transportation³³ will be strengthened. Similarly, mandates and functions of various agencies relative to coastal management and maritime security will be reviewed and harmonized to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in addressing maritime security threats, while the modernization of the Philippine Coast Guard and relevant maritime security institutions will be actively pursued.

Outcome 3: Protection and safety from natural hazards and other security threats ensured Improve capacity and capability of security forces and LGUs on humanitarian assistance and disaster response and protection services to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards and other emergencies

To manage disaster risks, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2020–2030 will be fully and effectively implemented. The National Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Action Plan will be integrated in national and local disaster mitigation and response planning, together with the established protocols and standard operating procedures in dealing with CBRN-related concerns. The BFP Modernization Act will be fully implemented to ensure more responsive fire protection services across the country.³⁴ A program to enhance citizen volunteerism in disaster response will be established, with resources and training support and using the AFP Reservists Act³⁵ and the National Service Reserve Corps³⁶ as platforms. The assessment of the exposure and vulnerabilities of LGUs to disaster risks will be expanded. Likewise, capacity building on public safety and disaster preparedness will be intensified. Local and international cooperation in humanitarian assistance and disaster response operations, joint exercises, training activities, and information sharing will be scaled up.

Subchapter 13.1 Ensure Peace and Security

Protect critical infrastructure, strategic assets, and natural resources

Scenario-based planning, preparedness, and response mechanisms, as well as the protocols to protect critical infrastructure and assets, will be enhanced. Capacity to respond and manage maritime-based disasters like oil spills and hazardous and noxious substances spills will be improved by mobilizing coastal barangay information networks and Bantay-Dagat volunteer organizations, and by establishing marine pollution centers in strategic locations. Meanwhile, existing mechanisms and procedures to protect critical infrastructure assets will be strengthened³⁷ through improved coordination and capacity of various government agencies and LGUs in critical infrastructures mapping, vulnerability scanning, and threat assessment.

Strengthen security and resilience of the Philippine cyberspace

To strengthen security against cyberattacks on critical information infrastructure (CII), the government will: (a) capacitate CII sectoral cybersecurity emergency response teams; (b) develop a manual of operations and standard protocols on cybersecurity for public and private institutions; (c) ensure interoperability and intelligence fusion of security and law enforcement agencies in tracking and monitoring online transactions of criminal elements, terrorist groups, and illegal drug traders; (d) strengthen capacity and upgrade technical skills of strategic agencies on cybersecurity; (e) strengthen cyber defense component in the modernization of the AFP; (f) forge stronger collaboration with local and international partners; (g) institute minimum information security and cybersecurity standards for CII and government agencies; (h) develop cybersecurity curriculum in academic and technical education institutions; and (i) institute a national policy framework on cybersecurity. In addition, the country will optimize space science and technology applications through the Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA).³⁸

Outcome 4: Territorial integrity and sovereignty upheld and protected

Pursue greater international and regional dialogues and cooperation

Bilateral, minilateral, and multilateral diplomatic arrangements in promoting regional security will be strengthened and expanded, while greater people-to-people dialogue among allied states will be promoted. (underscoring ours)

Protect critical infrastructure, strategic assets, and natural resources

Pursue greater international and regional dialogues and cooperation

Develop a modern, credible, and self-reliant defense force

Capacity and materiel upgrade will be pursued to achieve a minimum deterrence capability of the AFP. Cooperative joint military and intelligence exercises with friends and allies will be strengthened, while defense cooperation arrangements, such as the Mutual Defense Treaty and Visiting Forces Agreements, will be maximized by involving other security institutions in the training exercises. ³⁹

The self-reliant defense posture program will be revived and supported to rebuild the defense industry. Technical cooperation will be pursued in areas of capacity building and technology development in defense science and industry, including space science and technology applications. Monitoring and information systems and technical interoperability of maritime security agencies will be harmonized to ensure a holistic and integrated policy on maritime domain.

Strengthen capacity of institutions in security assessment, operations, and response relative to geopolitical developments

The government will increase the capacity of security institutions on maritime security and territorial defense, particularly on intelligence and counterintelligence operations, and intensify international cooperation. Policies relative to the role of the AFP, PNP, and other relevant security agencies in internal security operations will be reviewed. Moreover, the ability of relevant agencies to implement rescue and expatriation operations of overseas Filipinos in difficult and/or dangerous situations will be enhanced.

Cross-Cutting Strategies

Cross-cutting strategies will be carried out to support the sectoral outcomes and priorities in subchapters 1 and 2.

Sustain compliance of LGUs to good governance principles and of security institutions on human rights and rule of law

Good governance and the protection and promotion of human rights directly contribute to peace-building, conflict prevention, and post-conflict recovery. The government will foster efficient, inclusive, and accountable LGUs to boost the confidence of people toward the government and human rights-based security institutions in strengthening partnership with communities. In addition, better reward schemes, intensified mainstreaming efforts, and appropriate penalties on violators will be put in place. (underscoring ours)

Ensure gender mainstreaming and protection of vulnerable groups in conflict affected communities

Affirmative action will be done to protect and promote women and gender rights; and safeguard the welfare of vulnerable groups, including children, youth, elderly, persons with disability, and internally displaced persons, during conflict situations and post-conflict recovery. (underscoring ours)

Mobilize a broad-based constituency for peace

Peace education will be integrated in formal and informal learning platforms, as well as a sustained culture of peace campaigns. The establishment of a National Peace Institute under the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity (OPAPRU) will be pursued to institutionalize and sustain the gains of the peace process. A strategic communication plan will be carried out to increase public awareness on peace and security strategies of the government, while an inclusive communication plan will be initiated to entice members of armed threat groups to abandon a life of violence and return to civilian life. (underscoring ours)

Legislative Agenda

Table 13.1.1 contains priority bills for the 19th Congress during the Plan period to ensure peace and security.

Table 13.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Peace and Security

Table 13.1.2 contains year-by-year and end-of-plan indicators and targets that the government seeks to attain within each of the outcomes during the Plan period to ensure peace and security.

Table 13.1.2. Results Matrix: Ensure Peace and Security

These are the 1976 Tripoli Agreement and 1996 Final Peace Agreement with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF); the ceasefire agreements with the CBACPLA in 1986 and the RPMP–RPA–ABB in 2000; the Framework Agreement on Bangsamoro in 2012; and the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro in 2014 with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).
Republic Act No. 11054 resets the first general election in the BARMM and synchronizes it with the 2025 national elections. See 18th Congress. 2021. Republic Act 11593: An Act Resetting the First Regular Elections in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Amending for the Purpose, Section 13, Article XVI of Republic Act No. 11054, otherwise known as the “Organic Law For The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region In Muslim Mindanao. Signed on Oct 28, 2021. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2021/10oct/20211028-RA-11593-RRD.pdf.
2022. All Economies of 17 Regions Recovered from the 2020 Pandemic and Recorded Positive Growths in 2021; CALABARZON was the Fastest Growing Region at 7.6 Percent. April 28, 2022. https://psa.gov.ph/grdp/grdp-id/167338.
Proportion of Poor Filipinos was Recorded at 18.1 Percent in 2021. 15 August 2022. https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/167972.
Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation, and Unity (OPAPRU). 2021. Annual Accomplishment Report 2021: The Philippine Peace Process. https://peace.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/FY-2021-OPAPP-Annual-Report.pdf.
Sarmiento, B. S. “Turning MILF Camps into Productive Ecozones: Still Much Work to be Done.” MindaNews. March 3, 2022. https://www.mindanews.com/topstories/2022/03/turning-milf-camps-into-productive-ecozones-still-much-work-to-be-done/.
These include the peace agreements with the RPMP–RPA–ABB, CBA-CPLA, MNLF, and MILF.
Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP). 2019. RPA-ABB Preps Weapons for Disposition. https://peace.gov.ph/2019/09/rpa-abb-prepsweapons-for-disposition/.
2020. Symbolic Destruction of CBA-CPLA Firearms Signify Firm Commitment To Genuine Peace in the Cordillera. https://peace.gov.ph/2020/10/symbolicdestruction-of-cba-cpla-firearms-signify-firm-commitment-to-genuine-peace-in-the-cordillera/.
PAMANA is the government’s peace and development convergence program, which extends development interventions to communities in isolated and hard-to reach conflict-affected and conflict-vulnerable areas. It commenced under the administration of former President Benigno S. Aquino Jr.
The Barangay Development Program (BDP) is a peace and development program that aims to provide socioeconomic interventions, e.g., farm to market roads, school buildings, health stations, and livelihood support to barangays cleared from CPP-NPA-NDF. The BDP was instituted under the administration of former President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. See also National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC). https://www.ntfelcac.org/bdp.
Haim, D., M.C. Fernandez, and M. Cruz. 2019. Evaluation Report: Evaluation of the Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) Program. Pasig City: National Economic and Development Authority. https://nep.neda.gov.ph/evaluations/70 (accessed November 20, 2019).
2021. “Philippine Peace Process Milestones Take Center Stage in Pre-SONA Forum.” https://peace.gov.ph/2021/07/philippine-peace-process-milestonestake-center-stage-in-pre-sona-forum/ (accessed July 22, 2021).
Support to beneficiaries include scholarships, health insurance, educational assistance, livelihood support.
Bolledo, J. 2021. “NTF-ELCAC Releases 16 billion to 812 ’NPA-free‘ Barangays.” Rappler.com. July 13, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/ntf-elcac-fund-npafree-barangays/.
The Whole-of-Nation Initiative was rolled out as an Office of the President Memorandum Circular during President Aquino III’s administration; and expanded by the Duterte Administration under Executive Order 70, s. 2018. See Duterte, R.R. 2018. Executive Order 70, s. 2018. Institutionalizing the Whole-of-Nation Approach in Attaining Inclusive and Sustainable Peace, Creating a National Task Force To End Local Communist Armed Conflict, and Directing the Adoption of a National Peace Framework. December 4, 2018. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2018/12/04/executive-order-no-70-s-2018/.
Executive Order 70, s. 2018 institutionalized the whole-of-nation approach to peace and established the NTF-ELCAC.
See, for example, Caliwan, C. 2022. “PH Crime Rate Drops by 73.7% in 5 Years Under PRRD: DILG.” Manila: Philippine News Agency. February 22, 2022. https:// www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168274.
Office of Civil Defense. 2022. The Philippines’ Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 with a Short-term Review of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (2020–2030). Quezon City: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. https://www.preventionweb.net/media/84407/download.
The Government of the Philippines (GPH)–MNLF Jikiri Group Coordinating Committee was created on November 22, 2019, to complete the remaining commitments under the 1996 FPA. See OPAPP. 2019. GPH–MNLF Jikiri Group Coordinating Committee Convenes to Discuss Remaining Commitments Under 1996 FPA. https://peace.gov.ph/2019/12/gph-mnlf-jikiri-group-coordinating-committee-convenes-to-discuss-remaining-commitments-under-1996-fpa/.
The MILF normalization coordinating committees include the Joint Normalization Committee, Joint Peace and Security Committee, Coordinating Committee on Cessation of Hostilities-Ad Hoc Joint Action Group. See OPAPP. 2020. Joint GPH–MILF Facility to Ensure Protection of Decommissioned Weapons Completed. https://peace.gov.ph/2020/02/joint-gph-milf-facility-to-ensure-protection-of-decommissioned-weapons-completed/.
These communities include those affected by the presence of the Communist Terrorist Group and Local Terrorist Groups.
Including the normalization of MILF camps, transformation program of MNLF communities, socioeconomic support to communities, and employment provision for former combatants.
The Inter-Cabinet Cluster Mechanism on Normalization and its member agencies are mandated to support the Normalization Program as provided for in E.O. 79, s. 2019. However, its component agencies should also be supporting the parallel transformation program of the MNLF, which will contribute to ensuring the security and stability of the region in preparation for the 2025 regional elections.
MILF; MNLF; CBA-CPLA; RPMP–RPA–ABB; and CPP–NPA–NDF.
Abu Sayaff Group, Maute Group, Daulah Islamiya, and Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.
These are armed groups with terroristic goal or self-serving agenda.
This strategy is among the recommendations under the 2019 Evaluation of the PAMANA Program.
The Transformation Program will be implemented by the LGUs, in coordination with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, to help former rebels and their families to become productive and resilient members of society.
Human trafficking and smuggling are major issues in the Philippines. Organized crime networks target vulnerable groups from the United States, Mexico, and the Philippines. See The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. 2021. Comparison of Criminalities Between Philippines and United States. https:// ocindex.net/country/philippines/united_states.
The porous borders of Southern Philippines, coupled with the debilitated border control in Sulu and Tawi-Tawi are major reasons for its utilization as a transshipment route of trafficking of persons and goods.
Other areas considered critical are Ilocos Sur, Dagupan City, and Bicol Province.
71% of smuggling and trafficking in the country are transported by air. See Leones, C. and D. Caparas. 2003. Trafficking in Human Beings from the Philippines: A Survey of Government Experts and Law Enforcement Case Files. Quezon City: National Police Commission. https://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/human_ trafficking/Exec_Summary_NAPOLCOM.pdf.
The Bureau of Fire Protection modernization law serve as basis in fire protection services.
8th Congress. 1991. Republic Act 7077: Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act. June 27, 1991. https://www.officialgazette.gov. ph/1991/06/27/republic-act-no-7077/.
12th Congress. 2002. Republic Act No. 9163: National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001. January 23, 2002. https://www.officialgazette.gov. ph/2002/01/23/republic-act-no-9163/.
Philippine National Police (PNP). 2020. Memorandum Circular No. 2020-081, PNP Critical Incident Management Operational Procedure. November 2, 2020. https://law.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/PNP-Memorandum-Circular-No-2020-081.pdf.
The reconstituted National Cybersecurity Inter-Agency Committee created technical working groups to review and evaluate the Cybersecurity Plan of the Critical Information Infrastructures of the Philippines and to recommend the necessary cybersecurity measures. PhilSA is designated in the Technical Working Group for Space, given that space technology applications are contributory in making cybersecurity infrastructure more resilient to cyber threats. See Duterte, R.R. 2019. Executive Order No. 95, s. 2019, Reorganizing the National Cybersecurity Inter-Agency Committee, Amending Executive Order No. 189 s. 2015 and for Other Purposes. November 15, 2019. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2019/11/15/executive-order-no-95-s-2019/.
This includes the Philippine Coast Guard and other maritime law enforcement agencies.

Basic Education Report 2023

We will further intensify the values formation of learners in curriculum and teaching, particularly through the Good Manners and Right Conduct and Values Education in adherence to Republic Act 11476. We will embed the culture of peace in our curriculum to develop learners who are peace builders in communities. We will integrate “peace competencies” such as social awareness responsibility, care for the environment, value for diversity, self-esteem, positive character, resilience, and human security into the various learning areas of the K to 12 Curriculum. (Underscoring ours)

Who and What Do We Need?

FERDINAND R. MARCOS, JR. ADMINISTRATION

Your OWN Undertaking